Counterterrorism protective security as part of the planning, design and development of crowded places in Australia: where are we now?

Purpose Between 2013 and 2016 Western countries experienced a nearly 600% increase in terrorist attacks. Among the most significant shift terrorism trends during this time is recent focus on civilians crowded places as frequent target. Although have become critical targets for attacks, there remains dearth of research studying or built environment practitioner's role creating that are resilient possible against terrorism. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents results from 33 in-depth, semi-structured, one-hour interviews with property developers, investors, managers, security consultants, designers, planners government/policy officials Sydney, Canberra Melbourne, Australia. A purposive, snowball sampling method was used to identify participants study. Findings extends existing literature base counterterrorism protective security, distinctly under-researched component discourse, by developing baseline threat considerations considered planning, design development process. Australian first-of-its-kind international study connects real estate planning counterterrorism, investigates what, when how (CTPS) process places. The findings show series common threats were identified across stakeholder groups, including risk, location/site selection, natural phenomena human-induced issues. Research limitations/implications current knowledge CTPS has potential influence decision-makers both policy landscape those influential standards design, construction management assets. Originality/value An original contribution detailing range threats, impacts events organisational influences exist informing